This is topic Suicide Mission to Mars in forum Books, Films, Food and Culture at Hatrack River Forum.


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Posted by ZachC (Member # 12709) on :
 
This is interesting.
While browsing through the Fox News website, this piqued my curiosity because just recently there was a thread based on the value of an astronaut's life.
Now it seems, a Dutch company, is planning to recruit astronauts for a one way mission to Mars.
They will journey to Mars but will never return home.
Kind of eerie?
Suicide Mission
 
Posted by Shigosei (Member # 3831) on :
 
*rolls eyes at headline* One-way is not the same thing as suicide.
 
Posted by ZachC (Member # 12709) on :
 
Well there's always the possibility of a pick up later on. But they would leave without no plans to return.
 
Posted by Stone_Wolf_ (Member # 8299) on :
 
So, if I took a one way flight to New York, it would be a "suicide mission"?

Yes, Mars is not New York, but the point is they plan on living there, not dying there.
 
Posted by ZachC (Member # 12709) on :
 
Whatever, I thought it was weird...
 
Posted by C3PO the Dragon Slayer (Member # 10416) on :
 
The idea has merit. Obviously, there have to be long-term plans to get two-way spacecraft developed eventually, but if you send people to Mars to colonize it, rather than merely explore it, you don't have to worry about the logistical headache of getting a lander onto the planet that is capable of launching back into orbit and docking with the main vessel, which in turn has to carry enough fuel for a two-way trip.

It is true, that the people who embark on this mission will not likely ever be able to see their friends on Earth in person again. Their internet connections will have a 4-20 minute lag.

But if you assume that the logistical challenges of bringing a self-sustaining, reliable (and redundant, in case something goes wrong) biosphere and a large enough community of colonists to maintain it are smaller than the challenges of making a two-way spaceship, then this could just be the new New World, where people looking to make history and start a new life on an alien world have the option to emigrate to the Red Planet.
 
Posted by Rakeesh (Member # 2001) on :
 
It seems strange to modern sensibilities, but a big part of that is because travel time measured in anything over a week is pretty unusual now, at least when getting there is the primary goal, rather than tourism and such.

But for most of human history, that's definitely not been the way things are. Even in the 19th century, when so much of the world had been mapped out, getting to the other side of our wet rock would take weeks and months, and one could never rely really thoroughly on everyone getting there at the same time, alive and whole. Sometimes and in some places you simply couldn't travel where you wished to go, or at least in the way you did. Don't make it to the coast quite in time? You're landbound for weeks or seasons, because the wind is against you or there's simply no ship going where you are. Arrived at the edge of the mountains a bit late, or even sometimes early if the weather is bad? You're stuck until the spring, because crossing them in winter might be impossible or suicidally dangerous.

The headline is appropriately hysterical (as in, hysteria) given its source, but in the history of exploration, this sort of thing is much less strange.
 
Posted by Teshi (Member # 5024) on :
 
I have met a few people who state that they would willingly join a one-way trip to Mars, regardless of the danger, just to be part of something they regard as a landmark in history.
 
Posted by JonHecht (Member # 9712) on :
 
Assuming that I'm confident immortality will not be achieved (and made accessible to me!) during my lifetime, I might be willing to join.
 
Posted by Xavier (Member # 405) on :
 
If I had a high degree of confidence in the plan for keeping me alive, I'd probably sign up. Or at least I would have before I had kids.

For instance, if their plan for keeping us fed and breathing long term has a lot of question marks, that might change my mind.
 
Posted by Stone_Wolf_ (Member # 8299) on :
 
quote:
Or at least I would have before I had kids.
+1
 
Posted by AchillesHeel (Member # 11736) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by JonHecht:
Assuming that I'm confident immortality will not be achieved (and made accessible to me!) during my lifetime, I might be willing to join.

No one likes a pessimist.

I would definitely go, roughly with the same reaction as this fellow.
 
Posted by Geraine (Member # 9913) on :
 
Apparently the lottery is supposed to start next year. I will be one of those people pressing the F5 key minutes before the lottery starts to sign up in hopes of being chosen. My wife will be doing the same.
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
Serious question here for anyone who would seriously want to sign up on this trip:

could you in all honesty be described as someone who has a penchant for poor life choices
 
Posted by Stone_Wolf_ (Member # 8299) on :
 
That doesn't seem like a serious question. That seems like a snarky comment.
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
I don't care if it seems otherwise. It is a serious question. It is something I want to know with absolutely analytical intent. It's something I want people who legitimately would want to sign up for Mars One to ask themselves.
 
Posted by Stone_Wolf_ (Member # 8299) on :
 
Good luck with that.
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
Don't need it, never have.
 
Posted by Xavier (Member # 405) on :
 
quote:
could you in all honesty be described as someone who has a penchant for poor life choices
I don't think anyone could look at my life (or at least the last 5+ years of it) and come to that conclusion.

Taking a personal risk in exchange for being part of a significant advancement of the human race does not seem like a poor choice to me. Assuming a careful analysis of just what those risks are and having deemed them personally acceptable. I have not done such analysis, and don't intend to. (Since fatherhood trumps other considerations.)
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
Hmm. Noted; i don't think you count as the category of someone who would seriously want to sign up on this trip — you've already even specifically voided it due to fatherhood.
 
Posted by Szymon (Member # 7103) on :
 
This proposition is old as hell.

I'd go. Now. Right now. Just give me a ticket.
 
Posted by Rakeesh (Member # 2001) on :
 
What is the purpose of the question, Samprimary? 'Analysis' isn't actually an answer, you know.
 
Posted by advice for robots (Member # 2544) on :
 
What are considered poor life choices, exactly?
 
Posted by AchillesHeel (Member # 11736) on :
 
Consuming caffeine.
Disagreeing with superior discussion board members.
Purchasing anything that may be described as a 'chotchky.'
Tipping wait staff less than twenty percent.
 
Posted by Lyrhawn (Member # 7039) on :
 
quote:
Disagreeing with superior discussion board members.
What are considered superior discussion board members, exactly?

Are we basing it on post count? Join date? General superior intellect and argumentation skill?
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Rakeesh:
What is the purpose of the question, Samprimary? 'Analysis' isn't actually an answer, you know.

Mars One is such a terrible business and exploratory plan, to the extent that even a little bit of research into their proposal should leave one recognizing that on the off (very off) chance that it actually results in a one-way colonization shuttle departing for mars, being aboard it is essentially signing your death warrant for a fiasco of a business/scientific venture. One which even they cannot and have not explained how it will work, because they do not even really know. The proposers cannot survive scrutiny; they haven't even survived a Reddit IAMA.

Even assuming it was not a terrible proposal, it represents people believing they can do something that they absolutely will not be able to handle. The psychological stresses and demands inherent to the task at hand means that 99.999999% of people saying that they love to go would ... absolutely not love it and would be an almost guaranteed psychological liability.

It is a bad idea wrapped in a bad idea.
 
Posted by Bella Bee (Member # 7027) on :
 
It sounds great at first, but the idea of spending my life with a handful of other people I didn't choose on a dead planet confined to a small living area sounds too much like something out of Sartre to appeal.

The idea of never seeing another river or sunny field or city block or wild animal or ocean, never being able to just decide to go for a walk outside in the fresh air, never feeling rain, never really deciding anything about my own life again... no. I'd give up the glory or any amount of advancement, to keep that stuff.
 
Posted by Blayne Bradley (Member # 8565) on :
 
Mars Direct, vastly cheaper, and the pilots can come back.

Go go go go.
 
Posted by Szymon (Member # 7103) on :
 
Blayne, yes, I remember, I loved this idea.

Actually Mars colonization is so in our reach (I mean, your, as USA) that it pains me you don't go... Instead of giving close to a trillion dollars to save a company or two, you could go and easily send 4-5 manned missions. Maybe robots are cheaper, maybe colonization is not a necessity, but c'mon! Mars!
 
Posted by BandoCommando (Member # 7746) on :
 
Apparently, the passengers of the Mayflower were on a suicide mission to the Americas...
 
Posted by Rakeesh (Member # 2001) on :
 
That's not quite the same thing. In practice, what with ships often sinking or simply becoming too damaged to sail, or being taken-in some way being unable to be used for a return voyage-in practice it was quite similar in many trans-oceanic voyages.

Except the difference being, while you accepted the possibility your ship might sink, when you embarked that first time, you were in a boat that-if all went well-could be used to sail you right back, too.
 
Posted by Hobbes (Member # 433) on :
 
Well to the best of my knowledge, they did all die.

Hobbes [Smile]
 
Posted by Szymon (Member # 7103) on :
 
Well, if I aren't much mistaken this "one way trip" to mars is more like "one way trip, for the time being". That is, they can't promise the astronauts a return, but they will do everything they can to make them come back home. Until then, for 10 years, they will stay there.
 
Posted by TheGrimace (Member # 9178) on :
 
A couple quick comments:

1) I think Samprimary has something of a point at least in asking the question (though it's dubious if people would respond honestly with a "yes" to it). Look as Astronaut and Space Station crews and note the rigorous physical and psychological screening and training they have to go through before being accepted (and that's after they've proven, by some criteria or another, that they're very dedicated and driven individuals, i.e. multiple doctorates, proven in their field of expertise, etc...). Now compare that to ship crews and early colonists in the age of sail. There were a few successes, but also a lot of failures (lost colonies, horrific mortality rates, mutinies, piracy etc) in part because there was a relatively small percentage of skilled/dedicated individuals compared to folks like indentured servants and such. This isn't to say that everyone interested in signing up is crazy or a screwup but it would be interesting to see how many are interested, while knowing full-well the trials and tribulations involved, and how many are just saying they're interested because the grass is always greener on Mars...

2) Just a word of warning to people who get all excited about Mars Direct. While there's a lot of good ideas there, and in the long run it could work swimmingly, there's also a lot of somewhat crazy optimism in the plan. Zubrin has a tendancy to make a lot of super agressive assumptions, such as assuming that certain technologies which have remained largely static for 60+ years would suddenly increase in efficiency by a factor of magnitude. Mars is achievable, and possibly even a return trip, but it would be a lot more costly and risky than he tends to make it out to be.
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
It is not a question which I guess I expect forthrightness with too. It just all goes back to people's overestimation of their abilities, our pathological underestimating of our limitations for compensating for various psychological stresses. people would like to tell themselves they could just man up and go through living the rest of their life cramped in a dusty habitation tube on a lifeless planet, eating nutrient paste and spending most days confronting the mounting potential for cascading equipment breakdown and supply shortage, and be ready for an operational commitment so ghastly and confining and ceaseless and so extremely likely to end in a terminal equipment failure that nobody can rescue them from that we don't even really know how to psychologically prep people for it. And they want to make it the world's most morbid reality show, or something.

I know people in real life who are just amazingly, wholly, completely INTO the idea. They would sign up in all seriousness. So far as of yet they are limited to a demographic with expectable traits and a history that belies it.
 
Posted by Kwea (Member # 2199) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Samprimary:
Don't need it, never have.

That's open for debate.

[Wink]
 
Posted by Blayne Bradley (Member # 8565) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by TheGrimace:
A couple quick comments:

1) I think Samprimary has something of a point at least in asking the question (though it's dubious if people would respond honestly with a "yes" to it). Look as Astronaut and Space Station crews and note the rigorous physical and psychological screening and training they have to go through before being accepted (and that's after they've proven, by some criteria or another, that they're very dedicated and driven individuals, i.e. multiple doctorates, proven in their field of expertise, etc...). Now compare that to ship crews and early colonists in the age of sail. There were a few successes, but also a lot of failures (lost colonies, horrific mortality rates, mutinies, piracy etc) in part because there was a relatively small percentage of skilled/dedicated individuals compared to folks like indentured servants and such. This isn't to say that everyone interested in signing up is crazy or a screwup but it would be interesting to see how many are interested, while knowing full-well the trials and tribulations involved, and how many are just saying they're interested because the grass is always greener on Mars...

2) Just a word of warning to people who get all excited about Mars Direct. While there's a lot of good ideas there, and in the long run it could work swimmingly, there's also a lot of somewhat crazy optimism in the plan. Zubrin has a tendancy to make a lot of super agressive assumptions, such as assuming that certain technologies which have remained largely static for 60+ years would suddenly increase in efficiency by a factor of magnitude. Mars is achievable, and possibly even a return trip, but it would be a lot more costly and risky than he tends to make it out to be.

I've recently reread the book and I don't really see this. I see him making +/- 10% assumption never "magnitudes", there are some things he presumes could be made better, but stuff we certainly well understand but lacked the imperative to mess with before, like a Mars spec'ed electrolysis device.

At worst we what? Double the price and risk from a 24bln$ project to 48bln? Still a drop in the bucket in comparisson to the "Von Braun" 450bln to 680bln BSG plans out there.

The only thing I never saw addressed was how we keep Mars from relosing the atmosphere in 10,000 years time since it lacks a magnetosphere, but 10k years is a long time so I'm not concerned.
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
http://travel.yahoo.com/blogs/compass/want-visit-mars-applications-being-taken-205216264.html

quote:
now many applicants who have ponied up the application fee
yeah, just gonna stress the point: people are suckers
 
Posted by Mucus (Member # 9735) on :
 
Tangential annoyance:

quote:
At least 20,000 really adventurous people have applied for a crack at a permanent trip to the red planet.
After only one week, submissions to the Mars One project are pouring in -- 600 from China alone.

Percent of humans that are from China: 19.27%
Percent of Mars One applicants that are from China: 3%

It shouldn't really be "pouring in -- 600 from China alone" as if that was a big number. It should be something like "pouring in -- only 600 from China though."
 
Posted by Dan_Frank (Member # 8488) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mucus:
Tangential annoyance:

quote:
At least 20,000 really adventurous people have applied for a crack at a permanent trip to the red planet.
After only one week, submissions to the Mars One project are pouring in -- 600 from China alone.

Percent of humans that are from China: 19.27%
Percent of Mars One applicants that are from China: 3%

It shouldn't really be "pouring in -- 600 from China alone" as if that was a big number. It should be something like "pouring in -- only 600 from China though."

What percent of people able to apply to something online and make a video and stuff are from China?

I'm betting it's still substantially above 3%. But I'd also bet it's a lot less than 19.27%, right? I'd think a significant number of those people aren't living in the industrialized technologically advanced conditions required to actually fill out this application.

Still, I'm not gonna pretend that's what the article writer was thinking of. When people think about China in contexts like these they often don't really consider the sheer size of its population.
 
Posted by Mucus (Member # 9735) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Dan_Frank:
Still, I'm not gonna pretend that's what the article writer was thinking of. When people think about China in contexts like these they often don't really consider the sheer size of its population.

Yep, my main criticism is about the attitude that the article writer had. There's a fair discussion that could be had about how many applications one would expect from China, but that's not where the author was going by singling that out.

quote:
I'm betting it's still substantially above 3%. But I'd also bet it's a lot less than 19.27%, right?
I'm not sure, poking around, it might not be much less, might even be more. Poking around the rather outdated information here, it seems that China already has 7.7% of the population with access to broadband while the world as a whole is doing 7.0%. Or putting it another way, China has 22% of the world's broadband Internet users.
 
Posted by Dan_Frank (Member # 8488) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Mucus:
quote:
I'm betting it's still substantially above 3%. But I'd also bet it's a lot less than 19.27%, right?
I'm not sure, poking around, it might not be much less, might even be more. Poking around the rather outdated information here, it seems that China already has 7.7% of the population with access to broadband while the world as a whole is doing 7.0%. Or putting it another way, China has 22% of the world's broadband Internet users.
Hah, nice.
 
Posted by Stephan (Member # 7549) on :
 
No known resources, other than potentially usable ice.

This isn't exactly the colonization of the Americas. Without resources on Mars, or at least something they can trade for resources with Earth, this is going to be a disaster either financially or physically or both.
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Stephan:
No known resources, other than potentially usable ice.

This isn't exactly the colonization of the Americas. Without resources on Mars, or at least something they can trade for resources with Earth, this is going to be a disaster either financially or physically or both.

The "resource" they're trading for this project is having their life be a reality tv show, essentially, that provides the funding for continuous supply drops.
 
Posted by Stephan (Member # 7549) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Samprimary:
quote:
Originally posted by Stephan:
No known resources, other than potentially usable ice.

This isn't exactly the colonization of the Americas. Without resources on Mars, or at least something they can trade for resources with Earth, this is going to be a disaster either financially or physically or both.

The "resource" they're trading for this project is having their life be a reality tv show, essentially, that provides the funding for continuous supply drops.
As long as ratings are up. If ratings drop, I guess they could start calling it Survivor: Mars.
 
Posted by Stephan (Member # 7549) on :
 
I am predicting the first example of cannibalism on Mars by 2030 at the latest.
 
Posted by TomDavidson (Member # 124) on :
 
For my part, I predict that man will not have stepped foot on Mars by 2030.
 
Posted by Elison R. Salazar (Member # 8565) on :
 
We need the Chinese to start making serious headway in going there to respark the "Sputnik scare".
 
Posted by Lyrhawn (Member # 7039) on :
 
I'm not even sure taikonauts floating around in space and heading to the moon and Mars would be enough to really pump new life, or more importantly new dollars, into NASA. Sputnik wasn't just scary because of a prestige issue, it was scary because of the perceived importance and relation to nuclear weapons. We're just not afraid of China in that sense. If there is a rush for resources, like they want to set up moon mining operations, then maybe, but otherwise I don't expect much of a blip on the radar over it.
 
Posted by Stephan (Member # 7549) on :
 
We need private industry to find space profitable. If that doesn't happen, we are not going anywhere.
 
Posted by Elison R. Salazar (Member # 8565) on :
 
Well the Chinese and Russians are going somewhere, just not the US.
 
Posted by Lyrhawn (Member # 7039) on :
 
When it comes to space travel, they'll never do it unless public research leads the way. Companies like Space X were formed 50 years after the advent of space travel after NASA did all the pioneering work, and even now they can only make it work because they have guaranteed contracts and R&D investments from NASA, so it's really still a public-private partnership.

It's not like GE is sinking billions into working on a warp drive. There's always talk of private corporations coming up with asteroid mining plans, but the costs are astronomical with worldwide implications. Most precious metals are only so expensive because they are precious. If you find a platinum asteroid, the price of platinum would bottom out and the thing would never pay for itself. I'm not sure the economics of space commercialism will work out the way we'd like to think to lure private investors.

In the next half century at least, it will ALWAYS require a public partnership at best, or public dollars being the sole funder at worst.
 
Posted by Lyrhawn (Member # 7039) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Elison R. Salazar:
Well the Chinese and Russians are going somewhere, just not the US.

Where exactly are the Russians going? Last I checked, they weren't spending any of the necessary money to push beyond LEO. Selling space on a Soyuz is a nice little profit generator, but it's nothing like the billions required to go from LEO to actual outer space.

China is the only country other than the US who even talks about larger plans with any seriousness. India, Brazil and the ESA all talk about it too, but India and Brazil have stuff on the drawing board at best. China has actually launched taikonauts.
 
Posted by Elison R. Salazar (Member # 8565) on :
 
Roscosmos plan for 2009-2015 is:

quote:

The key elements of the current space plan, introduced in 2005, are:[3]
Replacement of the Soyuz spacecraft: Prospective Piloted Transport System
New rocket for manned flights: Rus-M. The program was halted in October 2011.[12]
Return to Moon: Luna Glob (launch of the first probe planned for 2014)
Return to Mars: Fobos-Grunt (launched 8 November 2011, failed, ExoMars(2018, joint)
Return to Venus: Venera D (launch expected in 2016)
Mars 500 simulation (completed in 2011)
Introduction of the Angara launcher (first launch expected in 2013)
Completion of the Russian segment of the International Space Station
Completion of the GLONASS group to 24 operational satellites by 2012.
New Earth resources programs using the Resurs DK platform: Resurs P (2009) and Smotr (2007) and a small platform Arkon (2007)
Earthquake monitoring satellite Vulkan (2007)
New science missions: Koronas Foton (launched in January 2009), Spektr R (RadioAstron, launched in July 2011), Spektr RG (Roentgen Gamma, 2014), Spektr UV (Ultra Violet, 2016) and Spektr M (2018),[13] Intergelizond (2011), Venera D (2016), Celsta (2018) and Terion (2018)
Resumption of Bion missions with Bion-M (2013)
New weather satellites Elektro L (launched in January, 2011) and Elektro P (2015)[3]

Considering the crewed phase for the Chinese martian plan is 2040-2060, and a manned lunar mission is for 2025, its not out of the question for Russia to have similar designs for that same period.

Also of note the Russians have a much larger space budget.
 
Posted by scifibum (Member # 7625) on :
 
Right now it looks like Mars One will get some initial funding by stealing money from applicants, and survive for a while as a TV show about people who think they are contending/training to go to Mars, and then it will peter out once the TV ratings go away. It might run as long as American Idol, I guess?
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
Whether or not Mars One puts anyone on mars is not the question (they won't, and people paying into them with application fees are especially idiotic) — it's whether or not Mars One is a knowing con job, or the product of profoundly naive confidence in an unworkable idea.
 
Posted by Lyrhawn (Member # 7039) on :
 
Russian space budget isn't bad, but it's still relatively chump change. I know the Chinese only currently spend a fifth as much as the Russians, but they'll overtake them in the near future.
 
Posted by Teshi (Member # 5024) on :
 
I'd like to point out here that in 2008 I wrote a short lived fictional blog set on Mars in which the first Mars Colony was an ill-fated "Survivor: Mars" series.

Except, I suggested this would happen in 2461, misjudging our travel possibilities (although I don't think this is going to work out) by I'd say maybe 400 years. (But allowing for some terraforming and missions to have already taken place, instead of this being the first manned mission.)

Link.
 
Posted by Aros (Member # 4873) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Samprimary:
Serious question here for anyone who would seriously want to sign up on this trip:

could you in all honesty be described as someone who has a penchant for poor life choices

You could also ask this question of anyone signing up for a military deployment to the middle east. You'd be missing the point (in both cases), but you can still ask the question.
 
Posted by Samprimary (Member # 8561) on :
 
https://medium.com/matter/all-dressed-up-for-mars-and-nowhere-to-go-7e76df527ca0?1

"For the rights to advertise and screen this Survivor in space, Mars One estimates revenues of upwards of $8 billion, basing its estimates on the most recent Olympic Games cycle’s revenues. With this money, Mars One will then be able to purchase the spacefaring technologies that, in 10 years’ time, companies like SpaceX will have perfected, ready to send the Mars One astronauts on their journey. There is the small problem of not having the money until you have the show and not having the show until you have the technology and not having the technology until you have the money and possibly not having the technology in time, or ever, which is why, Mars One says on its website, the schedule is flexible."

It's almost depressing having this article profile a person gullible enough to devote his life, essentially, to this project. It's tempered by the mild humor inherent in that he's what counts as a qualified candidate in mars one's eyes (he is probably bipolar and would be a severe liability in space operations one one hundredth as taxing as mars one's plan)
 
Posted by theamazeeaz (Member # 6970) on :
 
Didn't read the article, but there exists an Olympic Games that makes money?

Huh.
 
Posted by Lyrhawn (Member # 7039) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by theamazeeaz:
Didn't read the article, but there exists an Olympic Games that makes money?

Huh.

Looking at the data, you could make a case that as recently as the 2010 Vancouver Olympics a profit was turned. Government spend I think half a billion dollars (chump change compared to what most modern Olympics cost, especially compared to their follow-up act in Sochi), but it added $2.5 billion to the GDP, and created 45,000 jobs (if temporary).

I don't know if it was a net profit, but all things considered it wasn't much of a loss.
 
Posted by vineyarddawg (Member # 13007) on :
 
quote:
Originally posted by Lyrhawn:
quote:
Originally posted by theamazeeaz:
Didn't read the article, but there exists an Olympic Games that makes money?

Huh.

Looking at the data, you could make a case that as recently as the 2010 Vancouver Olympics a profit was turned. Government spend I think half a billion dollars (chump change compared to what most modern Olympics cost, especially compared to their follow-up act in Sochi), but it added $2.5 billion to the GDP, and created 45,000 jobs (if temporary).

I don't know if it was a net profit, but all things considered it wasn't much of a loss.

I was under the impression that the last Olympic Games to make a profit was the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, which was roundly criticized (before the bombing, anyway) because everything had a corporate logo on it. Which was pretty much the point behind making a profit.
 


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